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作为一项新兴交叉研究领域，法律流行病学为公共卫生法合法性取向之外的理性构建提供了重要原理和方法。法律流行病学将法律视为健康影响因素，通过探究法律与健康的关系及其影响机制，以评估法律产生的健康效果，为促进公共健康提供科学支撑。法律影响健康的过程是通过法律实施构建环境，进而调整健康风险暴露和个人行为，最终改变健康结局。未来，应思考如何更好地将法律流行病学的原理和方法融入公共卫生法科教育、公共卫生法学研究与公共卫生法律实践，进而加强公共卫生法的科学性取向。
Abstract：As a new interdisciplinary research field, legal epidemiology provides important principles and methods for rational construction beyond the legal orientation of public health law. Legal epidemiology regards law as an influencing factor of health and evaluates the health effect of law by exploring the relationship between law and health and its influencing mechanism, to provide scientific support for promoting public health. The process by which law affects health is to build an environment through law enforcement that modifies health risk exposure and individual behavior and ultimately changes health outcomes. In the future, we should consider how to better integrate the principles and methods of legal epidemiology into public health law education, public health law research and public health law practice, to strengthen the scientific orientation of public health law.
(1)中共中央党史和文献研究院:《习近平关于健康中国论述摘编》,北京:中央文献出版社2024年第1版,第111页。
(2)See Ramanathan T,Hulkower R,Holbrook J,Penn M,Legal epidemiology:the science of law,Journal Law Medicine Ethics(supplement),2017,vol.45,no,1,p.69-72.
(3)流行病学是研究疾病和健康状态在人群中的分布及其影响因素,借以制定和评价预防、控制和消灭及促进健康的策略与措施的科学。参见沈红兵、齐秀英主编:《流行病学》,北京:人民卫生出版社2022年第9版,第1页。
(4)劳伦斯·高斯汀、林赛·威利:《公共卫生法:权力、责任、限制》,苏玉菊、刘碧波、穆冠群译,北京:北京大学出版社2020年版,第13页。
(5)法律流行病学的产生及发展历程,参见高秦伟、毋文:《健康中国建设背景下公共卫生法的发展及其课题》,载《学习与实践》2024年第12期,第71-74页。
(6)See Burris S,Anderson E,Legal regulation of health-related behavior:a half century of public health law research,Annual Review Law Social Science,2013,vol.9,no.1,p.95-117.
(7)参见前注④劳伦斯·高斯汀等书,第4页。
(8)See Burris S,Wagenaar AC,Swanson J,Ibrahim JK,Wood J,Mello MM,Making the case for laws that improve health:a framework for public health law research,Milbank Quarterly.2010,vol.88,no.2,p.169-210.
(9)See Alexander C.Wagenaar,Rosalie Liccardo Pacula,and Scott Burris,Legal Epidemiology:Theory and Methods,Second Edition,Jossey-Bass,p.13-18.
(10)See Tremper C,Thomas S,Wagenaar AC.Measuring law for evaluation research,Evaluation Review,2010,vol.34,no.3,p.242-266.
(11)《烟草专卖法》第五条第二款规定“国家和社会加强吸烟危害健康的宣传教育,禁止或者限制在公共交通工具和公共场所吸烟,劝阻青少年吸烟,禁止中小学生吸烟。”《未成年人保护法》第五十九条第二款规定“任何人不得在学校、幼儿园和其他未成年人集中活动的公共场所吸烟、饮酒。”
(12)See Hongqiao Fu,Sian Tsuei,Yunting Zheng,Simiao Chen,Shirui Zhu,Duo Xu,Winnie Yip:Effects of comprehensive smoke-free legislation on smoking behaviours and macroeconomic outcomes in Shanghai,China:a difference-in-differences analysis and modelling study,the Lancet Public Health,vol.9,2024,p.1037-1046.
(13)Gable L,Teaching the future:legal epidemiology as a model for transdisciplinary education,Journal Public Health Manag Practice,2020,vol.26(supplement 2),S96-S99.
(14)See https://www2.law.temple.edu/voices/a-decade-of-public-health-legal-education/?_ga=2.45436324.16305850 34.1734468171-672924671.1734468170,visited on 2024.10.2.
(15)侯猛:《实证“包装”法学?——法律的实证研究在中国》,载《中国法律评论》2020年第4期,第61-65页。
(16)See Ransom MM,Johnson R,Ashe M,Penn M,Ferrell FA,Baffour K,Building the legal capacity of the public health workforce:introducing the Public Health Law Academy,Journal Law Medicine Ethics,2019,vol.47(supplement 2),p.80-82.
(17)See Burris S,Berman ML,Penn M,Holiday TR,The New Public Health Law:A Transdisciplinary Approach to Practice and Advocacy,Oxford University Press,2018,p.25-30.
(18)See Burris S,Ashe M,Levin D,Penn M,Larkin M.A transdisciplinary approach to public health law:the emerging practice of legal epidemiology.Annual Review Public Health,2016,vol.37,no.1,p.135-148.
(19)See Gable L,Teaching the future:legal epidemiology as a model for transdisciplinary education,Journal Public Health Manag Practice,2020,vol.26(supplement 2),S96-S99.
(20)法律流行病学融入公共卫生法学研究的论述,参见高秦伟、毋文:《健康中国建设背景下公共卫生法的发展及其课题》,载《学习与实践》2024年第12期,第71-74页。
(21)See Georges C,Benjamin,Perspectives From the Field:Using Legal Epidemiology to Advance Public Health Practice,Journal Public Health Medicine Practice,2020,vol.26,no.2(supplement),S93-95.
(22)中共中央党史和文献研究院:《习近平关于健康中国论述摘编》,北京:中央文献出版社2024年第1版,第112页。
(23)See Bleich SN,Rimm EB,Brownell K,U.S.nutrition assistance,2018—modifying SNAP to promote population health.New England Journal Medicine,2017,vol.376,no.13,p.1205-1207.
(24)See Ibrahim JK,Burris S,Hays S,Public health law research:exploring law in public health systems,Journal Public Health Management Practice,2012,vol.18no.6,p.499-505.
(25)See Public Health Accreditation Board,Version 2.0 WORK IN PROGRESS:Summary of Public Health Law Expert Panel Recommendations,Alexandria,VA:Public Health Accreditation Board;2019.
(26)See Scott Burris,Evan D.Anderson,Alexander C.Wagenaar,The “Legal Epidemiology” of Pandemic Control,New England Journal Medicine,2021,vol.384,no.21,p.1973-1975.
基本信息:
DOI：10.19752/j.cnki.2097-5058.2026.02.015
中图分类号:D922.16
引用信息:
[1]毋文,黄映月.法律流行病学：一个公共卫生法的新课题[J].卫生法学,2026,34(02):145-154.DOI:10.19752/j.cnki.2097-5058.2026.02.015.